So yea, the atom, what is it? I could use fancy smancy words for it, or i could just tell you how it goes. Everything is made up of small things, which are called atoms. The first to discover the atom, and publish there findings were. Even though it is thought that Lavoisier was the first discoverer of atoms, i believe that in 1803 Dalton discovered that atoms were indivisible undiscrtutable balls.
The next part to the atom discovery is this: in 1897 J.J. Thompson measured the the charge to the mass ratio for a stream of electrons. He did this by using a cathode ray tube apparatus.
Thompson was able to determine the charge to mass ratio, BUT WAS NOT ABLE TO DETERMINE THE ACTUAL MASS OF AN ELECTRON.
In 1909 Robert Millikan dicovered the the charge of a single electron.
In about a difference of about 10 years, there was 2 different examples of how 2 different people thought the atom may have looked like.
J.J. Thompson's atom: " the plumb pudding model ", The whole atom was a circle of positive charge cloud like things, with little negetively charged electrons all in it.
Rutherford's idea of an atom was a little different: it was understood to be a little small dense ball in the center, and and all around it just empty space, and then with a little negative charged ring around it all.
In 1919 Rutherford discovered the posotively charged thing in the nucleus, protons
In 1932 Chadwick discovered the neutral particles in the nucleus, neutrons.
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